2.13 Tenses : Answer Page 111-112

A. Complete these sentences with the Simple Present  or Present Comtinuous form of the verbs given in the brackets.

1. The show ….is beginning…. <begin> at 7 p.m.
2. These toys ….costs…. <cost> a lot of money.
3. The weather looks good. I ….go…. <go> for a walk.
4. I ….play…. <play> in the football match today.
5. Tim ….plays…. <play> the guitar very well.
6. The child seems to be hungry. He ….cries…. <cry>.
7. It ….snows…. <snow> heavily in the winter.
8. My father ….is reading…. <read> stories to me at night.
9. David Aston ….is writing…. <write> novels. He ….is working…. <work> on his fifth book now.
10. Laura ….loves…. <love> animals. She ….haves…. <have> a dog and a cat.
11. I ….get up…. <get up> late this morning.
12. My brother ….is owning…. <own> a photo studio.

2.12 Verbs : Answer Page 106-110

(P.106) A. Complete these sentences with the right form of verbs given in the brackets.

1. I ....woke.... (wake) up very early this morning. (Irregular)
2. He ....sat.... (sit) watching birds in the park all evening. (Irregular)
3. We ....went.... (go) to the cinema last Sunday. (Irregular)
4. I ....saved.... (save) some money to buy a new bike. (Regular)
5. She ....waved.... (wave) good-bye to her parents at the airport. (Regular)
6. My mother ....baked.... (bake) some delicious biscuits today.
7. Simon ....tought.... (teach) Science at a school before he took up the new job. (Irregular)
8. She ....brought.... (bring) a tray full of sandwiches for all of us. (Irregular)

(P.107) B. Match the base forms of verbs in column A with the simple past forms in column B.

1. d (fly-flew)                          13. f (want-wanted)
2.  i (preach-preached)        14. u (behave-behaved)
3. g (meet-met)                     15. v (tremble-trembled)
4. p (thank-thanked)             16. b (speak-spoke)
5. m (call-called)                   17. j (throw-threw)
6.  t (run-ran)                         18. k (catch-caught)
7. w (tick-ticked)                   19. c (hit-hit)
8. n (send-sent)                     20. l (make-made)
9. a (pay-paid)                      21. r (draw-drew)
10. h (steal-stole)                 22. s (plan-planned)
11. o (give-gave)                  23. q (seek-sought)
12. e (try-tried)


(P.108) C. Cross out (*) the wrong verb forms in the boxes and complete the paragraph.

I (has/had) a very good time during the holiday. We (spend/spent) two weeks with Aunt Susan’s family. My cousins and I (went/go) to the beach every evening. We (built/build)sand castles and (swim/swam) in the water. The huge waves (splashed/splash) all over us and we (are/were) completely wet in no time. We (bring/brought) home sea-shells and colourful pebbles. Uncle Tom (take/took) us to the zoo on one of the days. He(showed/show) us all the animals in their enclosures and (explain/explained) about them in detail. We all loved feeding the elephant. It (was/be) the most enjoyable time of the holiday.

(P.108-109) A. Underline the transitive verbs and circle the intransitive verbs in these sentences.

1. He wrote a letter.                                        <VT>
2. Sam worked in a retail store.                    <VI>
3. Janet studies medicine at the University.<VT>
4. Linda sings beautifully.                              <VI>
5. Paul went to the mall last evening.           <VI>
6. He slept heavily.                                         <VI>
7. Gina was a famous artist.                         <VI>
8. Tim learned to swim last summer.           <VT>

(P.109)B. Underline the direct object in each sentence. (Page 109)

1. Michelle loves ice-cream and chocolates.                      <VT>
2. She eats ice-cream almost every day.                            <VT>
3. Her sister, Meg, does not like sweets.                            <VT>
4. Meg gave Michelle a box of chocolate on her birthday.<VT>
5. Michelle found the box under her pillow in the morning.<VT>
6. Meg received a book as a gift  form Michelle.               <VT>
7. Meg enjoys reading.                                                          <VI>
 ( P.109-110) C. Complete these sentences. Use the correct Past Tense form of the verb in the brackets. 


1. Tom ….lived…. in a house on the side of a hill. (live)
2. Tom …thought…. his house was nice. (think)
3. One day, he ….looked…. across the valley at his house. (look)
4. He …began… to pedal back to his house. (begin)
5. He ….saw…. sometime that ….made…. him stop. (see, make)
6. The rays of the sun ….fell…. on the windows of his house. (fall)
7. The windows ….shone…. like a thousand rainbows. (shine)
8. Tom ….felt…. that his house ….seemed…. a magical place. (feel, seem)

(P.110) D. Complete these sentences with suitable verbs of your choice. In the box alongside, write T for Transitive and IT for Intransitive.

1. Hamelin ….was…. famous for the legend of the Pied Piper.   <T>
2. The Pied Piper ….wore…. a coat of many colours.                  <T>
3. He ….played…. strange music on his pipe.                               <IT>
4. Whenever he ….played…., the rats ….came to…. him.           <IT> 
5. Finally they ….swam…. in the river.                                            <IT>
6. The people of Hamelin ….were…. over joyed.                          <IT>    

2.11 Nouns : Answer Page 101-105

(P.101) A. Underline the common nouns and circle the proper nouns in each sentence.
        Common nouns           Proper nouns        
1. Tom would you like to the picnic tomorrow?
2.  Paris is the capital city of France.
3.  Gold and silver are used to make jewels.
4.  My parents are from Chicago.
5.  The Nile is the longest river in the world.6.   The road is covered with snow.
7.   Harry potter is the name of a famous wizard.
8.   Central park has many beautiful trees and statues.
9.   My friends love to play football in the summer.
10. Tim and Judy won the dance contest this year.

(P.101) B.Write a common noun to match each proper noun.

1.New York    - city          ; Bangkok , Chiang Mai
2.Christmas  - festival    ; New Year , Valentine
3.Australia     - country    ; America , Singapore
4.Nile             - river         ; Ping , Nan
5.Cinderella  - cartoon   ; Beautiful , Beast
6.Atlantic       - ocean     ; Pacific , Arctic

(P.102) A. Complete the sentences by using the plural form of the word given in the brackets.

1. The ….dogs…. (dog) fought over a bone.
2. This book is full of amazing ….stories…. (story).
3.  Get me a couple of books form those ….shelves…. (shelf).
4. The farmer bought a pair of ….oxen…. (ox) from the neighbouring town.
5. None of the ….switches…. (switch) in this room is working.
6. How many ….countries…. (country) participated in the World Cup Tournament?
7. Please clear the ….dishes…. (dish) from the table.
8. What are your ….hobbies…. (hobby)?
9. The ground is covered with dry ….leaves…. (leaf).
10. The shepherd was worried that he had lost ten ….sheep…. (sheep).

(P.103-104) Complete these sentences using the possessive form of the word given in brackets.

1. My father got a phone call from my ....aunt's.... (aunt) house.
2. ....Anna's..... (Anna) parents are away on vacation.
3. ....Tom's....(Tom) pets are very cute.
4. Please buy some vegetables from the ....greengrocer's.... (greengrocer) store.
5. It is dangerous to enter a....lion's.... (lion) den.
6. ....Enid Elyton's....(Enid Blyton) stories are delightful to read.
7. A....nightingale's....(nightingale) call is very melodious.
8. The....soldier'....(soldiers) guns were neatly arranged in a row.
9. Excuse me , could you help me find a store that sells ....men's.... (men) shoes?
10.My ....sisters'.... (sisters) names are Amy and Bella.


(P.104) Write the plural forms of these compound nouns.

1. passer-by        = passers-by
2. blackboard      = blackboards
3. watering can   = watering cans
4. great-uncle     = great-uncles
5. lighthouse       = lighthouses
6. household       =  households
7. shopkeeper     = shopkeepers
8. handout           = handouts
9. knockout          = knockouts
10. son-in-law      = sons-in-law


(P.105) A. Complete these sentences with appropriate appositives.

1. My cousin, Tim , bought me chocolate.
2. My friend, Boss , has two dogs and a cat.
3. Teacher Nopphakoon , our  English teacher, has asked us to write an essay.
4. My cat, Susy , loves to sleep in the armchair.
5. Greece, beautiful country , attracts many tourists.

(P.105) B. Underline the appositive phrases in these sentences.

1. Mr Jones, our neighbor, bought a new car.2. Beethoven, a famous musician, was completely deaf.3. Venus, the closest planet to Earth, is also the hottest planet in the Solar system.4. Coffee, a drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, is very popular all over the world.5. Tibet, a country in the Himalayas, is the highest region on Earth.6. Papaya, a fruit that grows only in tropical countries, is very rich in iron.

2.10 Direct and Indirect Objects: Answer Page 99-100

(P.99)Underline the direct object in each sentence.
1. Jane baked a pizza for her children.
2. Make a list of your favorite book.
3. The home team won the match.
4. Who broke the vase?
5. The children play chess in the afternoon.
6. She always tells the truth.
7. I take music lessons twice a week.
8. Who wrote this book?
9. Sally cleaned her room.
10. He opened the gate slowly.
11. The pigeons built a nest.
12. The lemon tree bore no fruit.
13. The children built an enormous sand-castle.
14. Lou drives an expensive car.
15. Open the book to page 27.

(P.100)Underline the direct object and circle the indirect object in these sentences.
  direct object    indirect object
1. Jane made us coffee.
2. I teach English to foreign students.
3. The police are questioning the witness about the case.
4. This book gives travellers plenty of information.
5. Could you lend me your pen , please?
6. Share your experience with us.
7. The painter showed them his new paintings.
8. Did you give the massage to Marge?
9. The singers performed popular songs for the audience.
10 .Show me the book you bought yesterday.
11. Grandmother left Jed all her books.
12. The students elected Greg the school caption.
13. The crowed cheered the players after the game.
14. My cousin sent me some rare stamps.

2.8 Subject and Predicate : Answer Page 94

B. Complete the sentence by adding suitable predicate.

1. All the participants attened the meeting.
2. How many films have you watched lately?
3. The people of this city are mostly businessmen.
4. The young doctor in our hospital works very hard.
5. The neighbour’s children go to the same school.
6. The woman in the black dress is the governor’s wife.
7. That son on the radio is sung by a film star.

Active and passive

Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:

active		passive
The hunter killed the lion.	>>	The lion was killed by the hunter.
Someone has cleaned the windows	>>	The windows have been cleaned

	be	past participle
English	is	spoken	all over the world
The windows	have been	cleaned
Lunch	was being	served
The work	will be	finished	soon
They	might have been	invited	to the party

active		passive
I gave him a book for his birthday	>>	He was given a book for his birthday.
Someone sent her a cheque for a thousand euros	>>	She was sent a cheque for a thousand euros.

active		passive
They called off the meeting.	>>	The meeting was called off.
His grandmother looked after him.	>>	He was looked after by his grandmother.
They will send him away to school.	>>	He will be sent away to school.

be supposed to	be expected to	be asked to
be scheduled to	be allowed to	be told to

The passive forms are made up of the verb be with a past participle:

We sometimes use the verb get to form the passive:

Be careful with the glass. It might get broken.
Peter got hurt in a crash.

If we want to show the person or thing doing the action we use by:

She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
The money was stolen by her husband.

We can use the indirect object as the subject of a passive verb:

We can use phrasal verbs in the passive:

Some verbs very frequently used in the passive are followed by the to-infinitive:

John has been asked to make a speech at the meeting.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven. 

Online exercise Active and passive

http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.pas.i.htm.

http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice_quiz.htm

Subject-verb Agreement

Basic Principle: Singular subjects need singular verbs; plural subjects need plural verbs. My brother is a nutritionist. My sisters are mathematicians.

See the section on Plurals for additional help with subject-verb agreement.

The indefinite pronouns anyone, everyone, someone, no one, nobody are always singular and, therefore, require singular verbs.

• Everyone has done his or her homework.
• Somebody has left her purse.

Some indefinite pronouns — such as all, some — are singular or plural depending on what they're referring to. (Is the thing referred to countable or not?) Be careful choosing a verb to accompany such pronouns.

• Some of the beads are missing.
• Some of the water is gone.

On the other hand, there is one indefinite pronoun, none, that can be either singular or plural; it often doesn't matter whether you use a singular or a plural verb — unless something else in the sentence determines its number. (Writers generally think of none as meaning not any and will choose a plural verb, as in "None of the engines are working," but when something else makes us regard none as meaningnot one, we want a singular verb, as in "None of the food is fresh.")

• None of you claims responsibility for this incident?
• None of you claim responsibility for this incident?
• None of the students have done their homework. (In this last example, the word their precludes the use of the singular verb.

Some indefinite pronouns are particularly troublesome Everyone and everybody (listed above, also) certainly feel like more than one person and, therefore, students are sometimes tempted to use a plural verb with them. They are always singular, though. Each is often followed by a prepositional phrase ending in a plural word (Each of the cars), thus confusing the verb choice. Each,too, is always singular and requires a singular verb.

Everyone has finished his or her homework.

You would always say, "Everybody is here." This means that the word is singular and nothing will change that.

Each of the students is responsible for doing his or her work in the library.

Don't let the word "students" confuse you; the subject is each and each is always singular — Each is responsible.

Phrases such as together with, as well as, and along with are not the same as and. The phrase introduced by as well as or along with will modify the earlier word (mayor in this case), but it does not compound the subjects (as the word and would do).

• The mayor as well as his brothers is going to prison.
• The mayor and his brothers are going to jail.

The pronouns neither and either are singular and require singular verbs even though they seem to be referring, in a sense, to two things.

• Neither of the two traffic lights is working.
• Which shirt do you want for Christmas?
  Either is fine with me.

In informal writing, neither and either sometimes take a plural verb when these pronouns are followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with of. This is particularly true of interrogative constructions: "Haveeither of you two clowns read the assignment?" "Are either of you taking this seriously?" Burchfield calls this "a clash between notional and actual agreement."*

The conjunction or does not conjoin (as and does): when nor or or is used the subject closer to the verb determines the number of the verb. Whether the subject comes before or after the verb doesn't matter; the proximity determines the number.

• Either my father or my brothers are going to sell the house.
• Neither my brothers nor my father is going to sell the house.
• Are either my brothers or my father responsible?
• Is either my father or my brothers responsible?

Because a sentence like "Neither my brothers nor my father is going to sell the house" sounds peculiar, it is probably a good idea to put the plural subject closer to the verb whenever that is possible.

The words there and here are never subjects.

• There are two reasons [plural subject] for this.
• There is no reason for this.
• Here are two apples.

With these constructions (called expletive constructions), the subject follows the verb but still determines the number of the verb.

Verbs in the present tense for third-person, singular subjects (he, she, it and anything those words can stand for) have s-endings. Other verbs do not add s-endings.

He loves and she loves and they love_ and . . . .

Sometimes modifiers will get betwen a subject and its verb, but these modifiers must not confuse the agreement between the subject and its verb.

The mayor, who has been convicted along with his four brothers on four counts of various crimes but who also seems, like a cat, to have several political lives, isfinally going to jail.

Sometimes nouns take weird forms and can fool us into thinking they're plural when they're really singular and vice-versa. Consult the section on the Plural Forms of Nouns and the section onCollective Nouns for additional help. Words such as glasses, pants, pliers, and scissors are regarded as plural (and require plural verbs) unless they're preceded the phrase pair of (in which case the word pair becomes the subject).

• My glasses were on the bed.
• My pants were torn.
• A pair of plaid trousers is in the closet.

Some words end in -s and appear to be plural but are really singular and require singular verbs.

• The news from the front is bad.
• Measles is a dangerous disease for pregnant women.

On the other hand, some words ending in -s refer to a single thing but are nonetheless plural and require a plural verb.

• My assets were wiped out in the depression.
• The average worker's earnings have gone up dramatically.
• Our thanks go to the workers who supported the union.

The names of sports teams that do not end in "s" will take a plural verb: the Miami Heat have been looking … , The Connecticut Sun are hoping that new talent … . See the section on plurals for help with this problem.

Fractional expressions such as half of, a part of, a percentage of, a majority of are sometimes singular and sometimes plural, depending on the meaning. (The same is true, of course, when all, any, more, most and some act as subjects.) Sums and products of mathematical processes are expressed as singular and require singular verbs. The expression "more than one" (oddly enough) takes a singular verb: "More than one student has tried this."

• Some of the voters are still angry.
• A large percentage of the older population is voting against her.
• Two-fifths of the troops were lost in the battle.
• Two-fifths of the vineyard was destroyed by fire.
• Forty percent of the students are in favor of changing the policy.
• Forty percent of the student body is in favor of changing the policy.
• Two and two is four.
• Four times four divided by two is eight.

If your sentence compounds a positive and a negative subject and one is plural, the other singular, the verb should agree with the positive subject.

• The department members but not the chair have decided not to teach on Valentine's Day.
• It is not the faculty members but the president who decides this issue.
• It was the speaker, not his ideas, that has provoked the students to riot.

online exercise subject-verb agreement

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/cgi-shl/quiz.pl/sv_agr_quiz.htm